Book 15 · 旗帜 · Chapter 51
守城之法，木为苍旗，火为赤旗，薪樵为黄旗，石为白旗，水为黑旗，食为菌旗，死士为仓英之旗，竟士为雩旗，多卒为双兔之旗，五尺童子为童旗，女子为梯末之旗，弩为狗旗，戟为旌旗，剑盾为羽旗，车为龙旗，骑为鸟旗。凡所求索旗名不在书者，皆以其形名为旗。城上举旗，备具之官致财物，之足而下旗。
The method of defending a city: for timber, a dark-green flag; for fire, a red flag; for firewood and brushwood, a yellow flag; for stone, a white flag; for water, a black flag; for food, a mushroom-colored flag; for the soldiers sworn to die, the flag of azure plumes; for the bold and contending warriors, the rain-sacrifice flag; for the masses of troops, the flag of paired hares; for boys of five feet, the boy's flag; for women, the ladder-tip flag; for crossbows, the dog flag; for halberds, the feather-tasseled banner; for swords and shields, the plumed flag; for chariots, the dragon flag; for cavalry, the bird flag. Whatever is requisitioned whose flag-name is not in this register shall in every case take its shape as the name of its flag. When a flag is raised upon the wall, the officer in charge of supplies delivers the goods, and when these are sufficient the flag is lowered.
凡守城之法：石有积，樵薪有积，菅茅有积，雚苇有积，木有积，炭有积，沙有积，松柏有积，蓬艾有积，麻脂有积，金铁有积，粟米有积；井灶有处，重质有居，五兵各有旗，节各有辨；法令各有贞；轻重分数各有请：主慎道路者有经。
The general method of defending a city: of stone there must be a store, of firewood and brushwood a store, of rushes and thatch a store, of reeds a store, of timber a store, of charcoal a store, of sand a store, of pine and cypress a store, of mugwort and artemisia a store, of hemp and fat a store, of metal and iron a store, of grain and rice a store; wells and stoves must have their places, and the hostages held as pledges must have their quarters; the five weapons each have their flag, and the tallies each have their distinguishing marks; the laws and ordinances each have their authoritative version; the apportionments of light and heavy duties each have their fixed rule; and the officer who oversees the roads has his regular norm.
亭尉各为帜，竿长二丈五，帛长丈五，广半幅者大。寇傅攻前池外廉，城上当队鼓三，举一帜；到水中周，鼓四，举二帜；到藩，鼓五，举三帜；到冯垣，鼓六，举四帜；到女垣，鼓七，举五帜；到大城，鼓八，举六帜；乘大城半以上，鼓无休。夜以火，如此数。寇却解，辄部帜如进数，而无鼓。
Each garrison commander makes his own pennant, the pole two zhang five chi long, the silk one zhang five chi long, half a bolt wide—this is the large one. When the enemy approaches to attack the near edge of the moat outside, the wall facing that section beats the drum three times and raises one pennant; when they reach the midst of the water and encircle, beat the drum four times and raise two pennants; when they reach the palisade, beat the drum five times and raise three pennants; when they reach the outer rampart, beat the drum six times and raise four pennants; when they reach the parapet, beat the drum seven times and raise five pennants; when they reach the great wall, beat the drum eight times and raise six pennants; when they have mounted half or more of the great wall, the drum does not cease. By night use fire, according to these same numbers. When the enemy withdraws and disperses, then arrange the pennants in the same numbers as for their advance, but without the drum.
城为隆，长五十尺，四面四门将长四十尺，其次三十尺，其次二十五尺，其次二十尺，其次十五尺，高无下四十五尺。
The city's signal-mound is raised, fifty chi long; the commanders of the four gates on the four sides have [poles] forty chi long, the next thirty chi, the next twenty-five chi, the next twenty chi, the next fifteen chi—the height in no case below forty-five chi.
城上吏卒置之背，卒于头上，城中吏卒民男女，皆辨异衣章微职，令男女可知。1城下吏卒置之肩。左军于左肩，中军置之胸。各一鼓，中军一三。每鼓三、十击之，诸有鼓之吏，谨以次应之，当应鼓而不应，不当应而应鼓，主者斩。1. 城中吏卒民男女，皆辨异衣章微职，令男女可知。 : 从第7条移到此处。
The officers and soldiers upon the wall place their insignia on the back, the common soldiers upon the head; the officers, soldiers, and people of the city, men and women alike, all distinguish themselves by differing garments and emblems marking their petty offices, so that men and women can be told apart.[note] The officers and soldiers below the wall place their insignia on the shoulder. The left army on the left shoulder, the central army places it on the chest. Each has one drum, the central army one and three. At each drumming strike three [times], or ten [times]; all the officers who have drums shall carefully respond to them in turn. Whoever ought to respond to the drum and does not respond, or ought not to respond yet beats the drum, the one in charge is beheaded. [Note 1: "The officers, soldiers, and people of the city, men and women alike, all distinguish themselves by differing garments and emblems marking their petty offices, so that men and women can be told apart"—moved here from passage 7.]
道广三十步，于城下夹阶者，各二，其井置铁瓮。于道之外为屏，三十步而为之圜，高丈。为民圂，垣高十二尺以上。巷术周道者，必为之门，门二人守之，非有信符，勿行，不从令者斩。
The roads are thirty paces wide; for those flanking the steps below the wall there are two each, and at their wells are set iron urns. Outside the road a screen-wall is built; at every thirty paces it is made round, one zhang high. For the people's privies, the surrounding wall is twelve chi or more in height. Where the lanes and pathways join the main road, a gate must in every case be built; two men guard each gate, and without the proper credential tally none may pass; those who do not obey the order are beheaded.
城中吏卒民男女，皆辨异衣章微职，令男女可知。1诸守牲格者，三出却适，守以令召赐食前，予大旗，署百户邑若他人财物，建旗其署，令皆明白知之，曰某子旗。牲格内广二十五步，外广十步，表以地形为度。1. 城中吏卒民男女，皆辨异衣章微职，令男女可知。 : 移到第5条。
The officers, soldiers, and people of the city, men and women alike, all distinguish themselves by differing garments and emblems marking their petty offices, so that men and women can be told apart.[note] As for those who guard the sacrificial pens, if three times they sally out and repel the enemy, the defending commander summons them by order and bestows food before them, gives them a great flag, and registers a hamlet of a hundred households or other men's goods [to them]; he sets up the flag at their post and makes all clearly know it, saying, "This is the flag of such-and-such a one." Within, the sacrificial pen is twenty-five paces wide; without, ten paces wide; the bounds are measured according to the lay of the land. [Note 1: "The officers, soldiers, and people of the city, men and women alike, all distinguish themselves by differing garments and emblems marking their petty offices, so that men and women can be told apart"—moved to passage 5.]
勒卒，中教解前后左右，卒劳者更休之。
Drill the troops, and within the city instruct them in [the maneuvers of] front, rear, left, and right; when the soldiers grow weary, relieve them by turns with rest.